Flash-boiler.



No. 841,792. PATENTED JAN. 22, 1907. H. LEMP.

FLASH BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 2, 1902.

Q OO

A wbnesses: 5 Inventor,

` Water and lsteam is discharged from the boiler.

vof this limitation that such boilers -are freev from dangerousexplosions, form a `flash-boiler comprises ai oil of tub` is practicallynil, it becomes necessary to pro- 'power-pump, which' is capable ofindependcapacity of a flashboiler can be increased Without increasing`the storage-space that is, Y

' the same time increasing its liexibility.

HERMANN LMP, OF LYNN, MASSAOHSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ..ASSIGNMENTS, TOGENERAL TION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORA- FLASH-Bomen.

specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 22', 1907.

Application filed October 2, 1902. Serial No. 125.67()

To rtl-Z whom, t may concern:

' yBe it known that I, HERMANN LEMP; a citizen of the United States,'residing at Lynn, county 0j.:` Essex, State of Massachusetts, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvementsin the Operation ofFlash-Boilers, of which the following is a speciiication. It is wellunderstood that the flash-boiler as commercially built has only alimited storagespace for water and steam, and it is because In-.itssimplestfl ingwhich is subjected to the `ir'e.-gases \and into whichiluid, usually Water, is pumped; In circuit with the boiler is commonlyplaced a safety or relief'valve, which opens when the pressure reaches acertain predetermined combination of both., b'ack into lthe Watertank.This action generally occurs when the vehicle is standing still orwhenthe engine is consuming a comparatively small, amount of energyand thevfire is hot. When lsuch an action `takes`place, a large portionof theHence it becomes necessary to supply an additional amount of Waterbefore the vehicle can be started. Owingto the fact that the p ower ofthe generator to furnish" steam at this time vide an' auxiliary pump inaddition to the ent operation. This auxiliary pump isusu: ally operatedmanually, and its use isI objectionablefor obvious reasons. A

Itv sometimes happens under extremely heavy loads that the power-pumpemployed to suppl-y water to the boiler is insufficient. This is .dueprincipally to the fact that the speed of the engine is low, andconsequently that of they pump. In cases of this kind the water-supplyhas to be ,augmented by' the auxiliary pump.

The present invention has for its object to overcome the objectionsabove 'pointed out and to provide a means whereby the effective'subjected t9 the fire-gases, thereby enabling the system to be morereadily started and at In'carrying out my invention anaccumuyoncendition's.

' is kept in the accumulator at all times.

lator-tank is provided which is placed in circuit with the water-supplypipe between the lboiler and the source of Water-supply. Thisaccumulator is so arranged that it is free at all times to receivewaterirom the boiler, but is prevented from returning it thereto exceptunder certain conditions-Ji. e., Whenthe operator desires more wateradmitted to the boiler and 4opens a valve for that pur ose."

The cubical contents of the" tank shou d be considerably greater thanthose ofthe boiler.

I have lfound a ratio of three to oneto be satisfactory; but this can bevaried without departing from my invention. under considerable pressurecan be obtained, it may be supplied directly to the boiler and theaccumulator; but for automobile service it is necessary to-use a pump.rThis pump 'may be of any suitable construction 'and should be arrangedto deliver water to the boiler as it is needed. The effective deliveryof the'pump can be re ulated by any suitable means. I have foun that anlelastic pump arranged to deliver water at an' average of two hundred andfifty pounds per-square inch, with a maximum of iive hund red, operatessatisfactorily. The elastic medium betweenl the driving element and thepump should be so arranged that the amount of water' delivered by thepump can be varied.

Where water t from a minimum to a maximum, depending y In circuit withthe accumulatbr is a puni which is designed to deliver air thereto upapredeterminedmaximum.

The air-pump iiay be actuated manually or by power. In the latter caseit may operate continuously-or onlyat intervals, as desired.

In the present embodimentof my invention the pump is continuously drivenby the same means which drive the Water and fuel pumps, and itseiiective delivery is correspondingly varied with that of thewater-pump. I have found that an initial pressure of two hundred poundsper square vinch is suiiicient for relatively light vehicles; but thepressure-.can be varied to meet any given condition. amount of watersuiiicient to maintain a selal T e pump should be yso lconstructed thatis c apable of maintaining or raising the initial alrpressure in theVaccumulator to the desired .I voint.

lioiler is a check-'valve' which permits water Between the accumulatorand the IOO ' toenter the yiliccumulator either from the that it may becontrol erator.

i system into operation. t

^ is always under initial airpressure,it follows boiler or pump, or'from both, under excess pressure on the boiler, but prevents it fromreturning except under the control of the cp- Sur/rounding vthecheck-valve is a by-pass which a provided with a manuallyactuated valvethat is referably so located led from the vehicleseat. Whenv for anyreason the supply oi water of the boiler is inadequate, as in startingor climbing a hill or when Working under an abnormal load, the operatorcan by opening the by-pass admit enough to start the Owing to tne factat the accumulator is relatively large and that a certain amount ofwater is available `at all times, and when for any reason the boiler hasbeen emptied, such as by overheating; when the engine is not consumingsteam and the lire is hot, a large amount of ymore, or less .heated.water is instantly available .and at a relativel high pressure. To

' put the matter in a di er'ent way, the accumulatpr always contains acertain amount of water, -so does the boiler, and when the boilerdischarges back into the accumulator, due to l increasedpressure,instead of delivering the 30. .working1 where t this manner the amountin the accumulatortank correspondingly increases until iinall '.-equalpressures are attained in bothi Manilvfestly when the throttle-valve isopened to admit steam to the engine the boiler-pressure '.falls belowthat of the accumulator and the 4,5#

latterfeeds to the former.`

In the accompanyingr drawing, which illustrates an embodiment of myinvention, I

have shown diagrammatically a flash-boiler V'and burner with thenecessary adjuncts for supplying them with water and fuel.

' n the drawing is represented a flashboiler of any suitableconstruction, which is arranged to supply superheated steam to theengine 2, a suitable throttle-valve' 3l being employed to control thespeed of the engine. Surrounding the boiler is a casing 4, and situatedin the bottom thereof is a hydrocarbonburner 5. The upper end of theboiler-casing is provided with an upwardly-opening flue 6 and with adownwardly-opening Hue 7. The exhaust from the engine passes into thechamber 8, formed in the u per part of the boiler-casing, where it isreiieated and rendered invisible at ordinary atmospheric conditions. Theexhaust passes from the chainber into the downflue and creates a forceddraft. Water for the system is supplied from the water-tank 9 or othersource of supply.' lThe tank may have `a` pressure correspondingto thatof the atmosphere or it may differ therefrom. In circuit between the lboiler and the water-supply is ,a powerdriven pump 10. This pump has towork against the boiler-pressure, and hence is necessary in a systemdepending upon an ordinary tank for itssupply. The pump illustrated iscap-=l le of varying its effective delivery by vail; ng its stroke tosuit the conditions of operation. In the present instance the pump isdriven from the shaft 11 by means of an eccentric, which eccentric is4connected tothe, piston of the pump through an elastic or yieldingmedium 12. When the pressure on the boiler is less than a certain point,the pump-piston will work full stroke; but as the pressure increases thestroke shortens and the balance ofthe movement of the eccentric isabsorbed by the elastic medium and given out on the return stroke. Asshown, the shaft'll is connected to the engine by chain gearing 13, asindicated in dotted lines', but., if desired, the pump or 'pumps may bedriven by a separate source of when there is no availab e energy fordrivingV the power-pump and the Water in the accumulatoi is low, Iprovide a manually-actuated `waterpump 17, which is provided with asuction-valve 18 and a delivery-valve 19. The pump is operated by a handor foot lever 20, which is ivotally supported in a suitable manner. isto be observed that the check-valves in the two pumps arecorrespondingly placed, so that when the powerpump is idle the Waterfrom the manuallyactuated pump is free to pass to the boiler.

Situated at a convenient point between the pumps and the boiler is anaccumulator or tank 21. The cubical contents of this tank should beconsiderabl larger than the cubical contents of the flas -boiler. Noattempt has been made in the present drawing to show the relative proortions between the parts; b ut I have foun by actual practice that ifthe cubical content-s of the tank 21 are about three times as great asthose of theI ICO boiler satisfactory results can be obtained.

The accumulator is connected to the waterdelivery pipeof the boiler by apipe 22. In a circuit with the pipe is a check-valve 23, which openstoward the tank and tends at' all times to hold the pressure therein.Surrounding the check-valve 23 is-a by-pass 24, containing amanually-actuated valve 25. The latter ispreferably located within. easyreach of the operator. lire valve is so constructed and arranged thatwhen itis closed the pressure in the tank is maintained, but when itisopen the pressure is permitted to drop and supply Water to the boiler,as will hereinafter appear.

Connected-to the pipe 22, which leads to the accumulator, is a ,pipe 26,that. leads to 'the air-pump'27., is a check-valve 28,- Whichopenstoward t e tank. The air-pump may be 'of any suitable" 'cnstruction.so4 long asa definite pressure In circuit with this pi e canbe maintained yon the tank to keep' the same potentially energized andready for immediate'service. The one shovsnis provided with a screen 29at the lpoint of suction and is s o proportionedthat '1t willautomatically -maintain an air-pressure on the tank oftwo hundred poundsto the square inch. f I. have found this pressure tobe satisfactory incertain kinds of Work; but it can be altered to meet any given conditionWithout departing from my invention. The pump in the Apres- V.entillustration is drive'n by the shaft 11,

` 1n the accumulator at all times, as is permit of the application of 'amanually-ac tuated pump or source of air.under pressure for the purposeof placing the accumulator under an initial is not Working. e In`circuit between the accumulator and the boiler is a relief-valve, 32,which is preferably connected to the water-tank by a suit -able pipe;but 'it can be located in the tank itself, ifpreferred. The' valve maybe set for any predetermined maximum. I have found six hundred pounds tobe satisfactory. Under ordinary conditions of operation this pressurewhen the pump 27 ,relief-valve would not be operative; but it is used toavoid injury to the boiler in case the accumulator fails to operate. itis a safety device. For example, the ac'- cumulator-tank'might spring aleak and permit all of the air to escape, in which case it .would nolonger act as an elastic cushion, for it would fill with Water.

The fuel for the burner is supplied from the tank 33, which is placedunder an initial air# pressure by the pump` 34. In order to increase thepressure of the fuel-supply between the tank and the burner, aprovidedhaving the usual section and deivery valve. In the present illustrationthe pump is driven from the shaft 11; but itcan be driven by separatemeans, if desired.

fuel-pump 35 is With the apparatus =arranged as shown the- Water andfuelpumps are adjusted to deliver water and fuel 1n proportionateamounts, and by reason of the .pump 17 for this In other words,

flexible medium 12 the sun-v plies of Water .and fuel will becorrespondingly varied. A,s thewater-pressure on the boiler increases.the stroke of. the Water-pump will be correspondingly decreased andvalso that of the fuel-pump. In this m'anner'ac vcurate compensation.for the changes in load are obtained. It follows fromthisitliat thesupplies of Water to the `boiler and fuel to the burnerare correlatedand bear a definite interdependent relation to each other.

The action ofmyinvention-is as followsi Assuming that the parts are inrunning conthe boiler, ceases, the pressure on the boiler will rapidlyincrease, owing to the fact that the'boiler parts are hot and also tothe fact that it is necessary'to keep af small flame in continuousoperation. aHairs continues for some time, the pressure in the boilerwill increase to such an extent v that it Will force Water or steam, orboth,

back into the accumulator 21 or cause the Water to enter direct from thepump or from both the pump and boiler, Where it Will be retained by thecheck-valve 28. As the Water and steam pass from the boiler intothe-accumulator itis obvious that the air contained therein iscompressed to a greater or less degree. Consequently the pressure on thetank is increased above that due to the air'- pump 27, and thecheck-valve,28l holds said dition and for some,reason the demand on Ifthis condition of pressure and maintains the tank potentially energizedto -a ,corresponding degree. Assume now that the boiler is called `ontov def-1A liversteam. The throttle-valveis opened, and in order tostart ,the engineit is necessary to. force more Water into the boiler,and if the vehicle is standing still or the engine is not running, incase, the invention is ap lied to a stationary outfit, it is necessaryto epend on some means other than the power-pump. It is possible toutilize'the manually-actuated urpose; but, as before stated, its use islhighly objectionable, due largely to the fact that it is inconvenientand also because it requires considerable energy. I avoid the use ofthis pump" by means of the accumulator, 'and to accomplish this thevalve 25 is open, Which permits hot Water or steam, o r both, to lowfrom the tank around the check-valve 23 into the-boiler, from which itis delivered as steam to the engine. VAs soon as the pump startsintooperation and its pressure overcomes that ofthe accumulator it willdeliver Water to'the boiler and the accumulator-will remain idle. Itwill, however, have atleasttwo hundredpounds pressure thereon orWhateverjpressure the airf pump 2,7 is adjusted-for. After the system iswell under way the valve 25 can be closed, and the normal operation ofthe parts Will continue. Assuming f that the, vehicle is coasting and'that the engine is taking little or nov steam, the sameconditionf'f,of-affairs Will ,take place. Y

such that the stroke of the npump-actuator is lis an extra demand forwater.

ward the accumulatory water is capable or' passing into the accumulatordirectly from the pump, as when the boiler is taking little or no water,or it can pass from the boiler and pump at the same time until thepressure is absorbed in the elastic driving device.

I have found the accumulator to be of great assistance inhill-climbing,where there 1With the system formerly in use it wascustomary to assist the power-pump by a manually-actuated pump; but thiswas objectionable for obvious reasons. With the'system described thepressure on the accumulator can be depended upon at all times to-assistthe waterpumps by opening the valve 25, since there 1s at all times asubstantial pressure on the tank. Another advantage 1n utilizing theaccumulator resides in the fact that if the boiler-pressure increasesabove acertain predetermined point and forces hot water and steamintothe accumulator it will be returned to the boiler as soon as the valveis open, and hence the heat units contained therein are Arenderedavailable, whereas with the former system of operation, having areliefvalve which was connected to the water-tank,

the heat contained in the water discharged from the boiler into the tankwas practicallyy wasted'.

Assuming that the vehicle is coasting, the following action takes place:The pressure on .the accumulator is 'initially' two hundred pounds persquare inch, and the water-pump '10 gives an average pressure of twohundred and fifty pounds per square inch, with a maximum of five hundredpounds. This means that as the pump-pressure increases the supply ofwater will divide between the boiler and the accumulator in accordancewith the pressure existing therein. When the boiler pressure increasesto five hundred, then all of the water from the pump will be deliveredto the accumulator until its pressure is five hundred, and when thispoint is reached the pump will stop working, because its maximum hasbeen reached, and the stroke of the eccentric will be taken up by theelastic connection 12. I f no w the boilerpressure is lowered, as bydrawing steam, the

' demand for water may be satisfied by the pumpor the accumulator or byva combination of both. 4

. A sudden demand on the engine for'power would naturally tend toreduce" the ,speed of the vehicle, and in so doing the effectivedelivery of the pump would be affected, and at this point theaccumulator comes into play.

In shutting down after a period of running care should be exercised thatthe valve 25 is closed, so as to retain' the available pressure forstarting. This also serves to prevent water from leaking into the enginein case oli poor-fitting valves.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the accumulator stands dy alltimes te supply water to the boilerl either for starting purposes or toaugment the action of the powerpump.

. I have described a system taking water from a tank at atmosphericpressure, since it has great utility in connection therewith; but

it is to be understood that certain advan- ,f

tages will followv from the use of my invention if a greater pressure isemployed.

I have described my invention in connection with a water system; but itcan obviously be applied to a fuel system without 'de arting (therefrom.

n accordance with the patent statutes I have described the bestembodiment el my invention now known to me; but it is to be understood`that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and that the inventioncan be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is-

1. In combination, a receptacle adapted to receive a fluid, anaccumulator therefor potentially energized by the pressure of the fluidin the receptacle and means for maintaining the accumulator in theenergized state.

2. In combination, a receptacle adapted to receive a fluid underpressure, a source of fluid-supply therefor, and a controllableaccumulator for delivering fluid to the receptacle under certainconditions, the same being potentially energized by the combined actionof the fluid-pressure in the receptacle and the flui'd-supply thereto.

3. In combination, a boiler, a pneumatic means controlling a supply offluidv thereto, means dependent upon the fluid-pressure in the boilerfor potentially energizing the pneumatic means, and means controllingthe supply of fluid to the boiler.

4. In combination, a boiler, a source of water-supply, an acoumulatdrthat is connected to the boiler, an automatic means for maintaining theaccumulator under pressure, and a controllable means for subjecting theboiler to the accumulator-pressure when the pressure on the latterexceeds that of the former;

5. In' combination, a fluid-receptacle, an accumulator connectedtherewith, a means between the receptacle and accumulator which admitsfluid to the latter and retains it therein, and a controllable meanswhich is adapted to cooperate' with the -rst means for retaining fluiddelivered to the accumulator and operates independently of said meansfor permitting iluid to be vischarged from the accumulator tothereceptacle under certain conditions.

IOO

IIO

6. In combination, a Huid-receptacle, an accumulator which is connectedto -the receptacle, avvalve which permits fluid to enter the accumulatorwhen the pressure on the receptacle rises above a certain point and toretain the fluid therein, and a controllable valve-which coperates withthe first valve to retain-the fluid in the accumulater or permits thefluid to return to the receptacle when the pressure of the latter isbelow that of the accumulator.

7. In combination, a source of liquid-supply, a flash-boiler, anaccumulator which is Yconnected to the boiler, a valve which per- `intothe accumulator, and a manually-actuated valve for admitting water tothe boiler from the accumulator when the pressure on the latter exceedsthe former.

.9. In combination, a flash-boilenan ac'- cumulator which is connectedto the boiler and is under'pressure, an engine, a controlling-valvetherefor, and a manually-actuated valve for regulating the discharge ofwate'r from the` accumulator to the boiler when the engine-controllingvalve has reduced the boiler-pressure to that of the accumulator.

10. In combinatiom a flash-boiler, an elastic cushioning deviceconnected therewith which stores up ,energy'from the boiler under apoint below certain conditions and gives it back at others, and acontrollable means for regulating the return of energy from said deviceto the boiler, substantiall as described.

11. Incornbnation, a flash-boiler, a source of fluid-supply, and anaccumulator for the boiler adapted to receive fluid from the source ofsupply or the boiler and having controlled communication withl theboiler for supplying fluid thereto whereby the boiler .may be suppliedindependently from the source or from'the accumulator. I

12. In combination, a flash-boiler,l separate sources of fluid-supplythereto, one being constantly under pneumatic vressure and the pressurethereofbeing varie by the pressure of the fluid in the boller, andmanually-controlled'l means whereby the fluid-supply under pressure maybe delivered to theboiler.

13. In combination, a flash-boiler, yse' arate sources of Vfluid-supplytherefor, one eing constantly under arr-pressure and adapt'" .of the.from the other' source and the boiler', and

means for controlling the delivery of fluid boiler.

' 14. In combination, a flash-boiler, separate sources of liquid-supplytherefor, one of the sources being under air-pressure and renderedpotentially operative by the fluid-pressure in the boiler, and meanswhereby the liquid under air-pressure may be supplied to the boilereither independently of or conjointly with the other source of lsu ly15. In combination, a ilash-boiller, an accumulator therefor, anair-supplying means tending to maintain a constant initial pressure ofair therein, and aplurality of means which may. act independently orconjointly to vary the pressure 1n the accumulator.

16. Incombination, a flash-boiler, a source of liquid-supply therefor, aseparate controllable source of liquid-supply connected with the boiler,and automatically-actuated means lwhereby the latter source becomes arelief and storage-reservoir for heated liquid and vapor from the boilerunder certain conditions.

, 17. 'In combination, a flash-boiler, an automatic relief device forreceiving fluid from l from the source thereof under pressure to the theboiler, and a normally closed means adapted to be manually `operatedwhereby the relieved fluid may return to theboiler when the pressure ofthe latter becomes lower than that of the relief device. 5

- 18. I n combination, a flash-boiler, a pump for supplying liquid tothe boller under a high pressure, an automatic relief device forreceiving fluid from the boiler through awide range o pressure, andmanually-controlled means for storing' the relieved uidand for returningthe same to the boiler independent 19. In cdinbination, a flash-boiler,a source of liquid-supply therefor, an' automatic relief device forreceivi and storing up fluid under pressure from t eboiler, andcontrollable means for returning the relieved fluid simultaneously withthe liquid being supgliedrto the boiler to meet abnormal deman or forreturning the same independently'.

20. In combination, a boiler, an accumulator therefor consisting of abody of air whichl constitutes the potentially-active agent and a bodyof water which constitutes the accumulative medium, means for augmentingthe energy of the potentially-active agent by vthe pressure of theboiler, means whereby the IOC accumulative medium is automaticallyniaintained-under the augmented pressure of the potentially-activeagent, and manually-actuated means for controlling the -supply of theaccumulative medium to the boiler.

d 21. In combination, a boiler, and an accumulator operatively connectedtherewith and adapted to receive fluid from the boiler under certainconditions and 'automatically to retain the same therein independentlyof change in the conditions of the boiler.

22. In combination, a boiler, an accumulator, a source of water-supply,means for delivering water separately to the boiler` or accumulator orto both, and a means automatically varying the quantity of waterdelivered by said means according to the variations in the pressure ofthe boiler.

23. In4 combination, a boiler, a source of Water-supply, avariable-stroke pump capable under certain conditions of supplying waterdirectly to the boiler and varying its output according to the pressurein the boiler, and an accumulator for the boiler and operativelyconnected with the pumpwhereby the range of eliiective operation o thelatter is augmented.

24. In combination, a boiler, a Water-supply system therefor, a pumphaving an automatically-varying stroke according to the pressure inthesystem, and accumulator for the boiler whose ressure rises corresponda.5 ingly with that'o the boiler and falls independently thereof.

25. In a steam generating system, the combination of a boiler, aburner', a source of water-supply, a sourceof fuel-supply, automaticmeans forv delivering fuel and water respectively to the burner andboiler indefinite proportionate quantitiesnfa means controlled by theboiler-pressure whereby the deliveries may vary in definite relation toeach other, and controllable means independent of the automatic meansfor varying the quantity of water delivered to the boiler.

26. In a steam generating system, the

combination of a boiler, a burner, a source of water-supply, a source of.fuel-supply, an automatic means for delivering fuel and waterrespectively to the burner and boiler in delinite proportionatequantities, means controlled by the boiler-pressure whereby thedeliveries may vary in definite relation to each other, and controllablemeans for supplying water to the boiler independently of that deliveredby the automatic means or simultaneously therewith under abnormaldemands for water.

27. In a steam generating system, the combination of a generator, anaccumulator therefor, a burner, a source of Water-su ply, a source offuel-supply, means for supp ying combination of a generator, anaccumulator therefor, a burner, a source of water-supply, a source offuel-supply, means for supp ying to the generator.

water to the generator and accumulator,A

water to the generator and accumulator, means for supplying fuel to theburner, means controlled by the pressure in the genv erator forregulating proportionately the supplies of water and fuel, andmanually-operated means for controlling the accumulator 7o underair-pressure, automatic means which tend to supply water from the mainsource to the boiler and to the auxiliary source at substantiallyconstant pressure, and means for 8o maintaining a supply of air on theauxiliary source.

30. Incombination, a Vwater-supply system, an accumulator therein, anda'generator adapted to receive water independently from either,' saidaccumulator being in controlled communication Withxthe generator.respecting the delivery of Water to the latter and in open communie tionwith the generator for receiving water herefrom. 9o`

31. In combination, a water-supply system, an accumulator therein, agenerator, a single conduit connecting the generator with said systemand accumulator, means whereby the accumulator may store up and' retain95 uid received from the generator during abnormally high pressurethereof, and manually-'controlled means for returning the fluid 32. lnthe Water-supply system for steamioo generators, the combination ofthegenerator, an accumulator, a single conduit connecting the two andautomatically controlled for permitting the passage of water solely fromthe former to the latter, and a manually-con- :o5`

trolled means cooperating with said conduit whereby the accumulator maysupply the generator.

33. In a water-supply system, the combination of a generator, awater-supply pipe 1rotherefor, an accumulator connected with thewater-supply pipe, an automatic inlet-valve' whereby the accumulator mayreceive water from the generator or supply pipe, and a con- 'trolledby-pass shunting the valve whereby II5 the accumulator may supply thegenerator.

34. In a water-su ply system, the combination of an accurnu atoradaptedto receive Water from separate sources through a single inlet, avalve for preventing the delivery 12e of water from the accumulator, aby-pass shunting the valve, and a manually-actuated means controllingthe by-pass.

35. In a combination, an accumulator, a T-pipe connection, a valvetherein controlling the passa e of liquid through the same solely in theirection. to the accumulator, connection with a source of air-supply be--1 tween the valve andthe accumulator, a by- I nection therefor, aninwardly-opening checkpass extendin around the valve, and a man- Valveinthe connection, a by-pass extending ually-actuate valve-in theby-pass. Aaround the check-Valve, a hand-valve in the 15 36. As anarticle of manufacture, an aocubypass, and a connection for a supply ofair v 5' mulator comprising a hermetically sealed intermediate thecheck-Valve and tank.

tank, a single pipe connection therefor, an In witness whereof I havehereunto s et my automatic inwardly-opening chelck-valve i hand this30th day of September, l1902. the connection, a b ass exten ing arounthe check-Valve. anzir aphand-Valve in the by- HERMAN-N LEMP' x o pass.Witnesses 37. As an' article of manufacture, an accu- DUGALD MCK.MCKILLOP, mulator comprisinga tank, a single pipe con- JOHN- A. MCMANUS.

